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例1、More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.

　　 A. sent　　　　　　　　　 B. were sent 　　　　　　　　 C. had sent 　　　　　 D. had been sent

答案：B

[解析] be sent abroad 被派往國外。

例2、By the end of last year, another new gymnasium_________ in Beijing.

A. would be completed　　　 　　　　B. was being completed

C. has been completed　　　 　　　　D. had been completed

答案為D。

[解析]如：by意為“到……為止”。by后加過去時間，主句用過去完成時，如by后加現在時間，用現在完成時，如by后加將來時，主句要用將來完成時。by the end of last year常與過去完成時連用。表示到過去某個時候前已完成的動作。

例3、When and where to go for the on-salary-holiday_________ yet.

A. are not decided　　　 　　　　　　B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided　　　 　　　　D. has not been decided

答案為D。

[解析]　 根據副詞yet可確定用現在完成時，可排除A、C；不定式，動名詞及從句作主語，謂語動詞按單數處理，when and where to do sth.表示單數，要用has not been decided。

例4、He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _______from the university next year.

A. will graduate　　　　　　　 B. will have graduated

C. graduates　　　　　　　 　　　D. is to graduate

答案為C。

[解析]　 “by the time”后接定語從句，省略了關系副詞when。在這種定語從句中要用一般現在時表示將來。譯文：到明年他畢業之前，已經學了八年英語。

例5、Rainforests _______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut　　　　 B. are cut　　　　 C. are being cut　　　　 D. had been cut

答案為C。

[解析]　 這句話的意思是“雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和燒掉以至于在不久的將來它們將會消失。”從句子的語境they will disappear from the earth in the near future可以判斷，要用被動語態的現在進行時。表示現在正在發生的事對將來可能造成的影響。

例6、How I wish every family _______ a large house with a beautiful garden!

A. has　　　　 B. had　　　　 C. will have　　　　 D. had had

答案為B。

[解析]　 wish后接從句常用虛擬語氣，表示這只是說話人的一種愿望。具體用法：如果從句中動作與現在事實相反應用過去式，與將來事實相反用would/could+動詞原形；與過去事實相反用過去完成式或would/could+have done。譯文：我多么希望每個家庭都住上帶有漂亮花園的大房子。　

例7、The new suspension bridge ________ by the end of last month.

A. has been designed　　　　　　　 B. had been designed

C. was designed　　　　　　　 　　　D. would be designed

答案為B。

[解析]　 在含有by引導的表示過去意義的時間狀語的句子中，謂語動詞要用過去完成時。譯文：到上月為止已完成了吊橋設計。　

例8、-How are you today?

-Oh , I__________ as ill as I do now for a very long time.

A．didn't feel　 　B．wasn't feeling　　　 C．don't feel　　　 D．haven't felt

答案為D。

[解析]　 現在完成時表示從過去的某個時候開始一直延續到現在的動作或狀態。從句子的意思可知，從過去某個時候開始，已經病了很長時間了。　

例9、-Hey, look where you are going!

-Oh, I'm terribly sorry. ________.

A. I'm not noticing　　　　　　　　 B. I wasn't noticing

C. I haven't noticed　　　　　　　 D. I don't notice

答案為B。

[解析]　 表示剛才沒有注意到，要用過去進行時。一般現在時表示經常性的動作；現在完成時表示過去所做的事對現在造成的影響或從過去某個時候一直延續到現在的動作，即現在也沒有注意到；現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作，這三個時態顯然不符合句意。

例10、A new cinema _______here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built　　　 B. is built　　　 C. has been built　　　 D. is being built

答案為D。

[解析]　 根據They hope to finish it next month.說明電影院還在建設之中，所以從時態上講是進行時；另外從語態上講為被動語態。　

3.　　　 鞏固練習

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

5、get常與marry, beat, break, tear, hurt, repair, dress, pay等動詞的過去分詞連用，構成被動語態，一般指動作的結果。

例如：These workers got paid by the hour.

The little baby got quickly dressed.

4、不及物動詞及部分由不及物動詞構成的短語不用于被動語態。常見的詞和短語有：appear, rise , die , happen , occur , lie , belong to , break out , take place等。

例如：This book belongs to him.

A fire broke out last night.

3、某些動詞在表示主語特征和性質時為不及物動詞，但在表示動作時為及物動詞。常見的此類動詞有：wash , write , sell , read , open , cut , lock , shut 等。 The clothes he bought yesterday washes well.

2、現在完成時與一般過去時都表示動作發生于過去，但現在完成時強調結果， 一般過去時強調動作。

例如：-Have you been to the Great Wall ?

-Yes , I have .

1、有些表示狀態、情感、感覺的動詞沒有進行時。例如：be , like , want , love , hear, wish , hope等。

例如：I hope he will come back soon.

第三節　　　　　　　　 實戰演練

(三)被動語態的時態

(1)　　　 一般現在時　　

構成：助動詞am/ is/are + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：This kind of car is made in Shanghai.

　　　 English is spoken in many countries.

(2)　　　　　 一般過去時

構成：助動詞was/were + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：The bridge was built in 1992.

　　　 Was this novel written by his father?

(3)　　　　　 一般將來時

構成：will be 或be going to + be + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow.

　　　 The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.

(4)　　　　　 現在完成時

構成：助動詞have/has + been + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：Has his work been finished?

　　　 We haven’t been invited to the party.

(5)　　　　　 現在進行時

構成：be + being + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：A new bridge is being built in my hometown.

　　　 The problem is being discussed by the students.

補充說明：帶有情態動詞的被動語態

構成：情態動詞 + be + 動詞的過去分詞

例如：Can this walkman be repaired here?

Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.

(二)被動語態的用法

(1)動作的執行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態。例如：

Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.　　

The new test book will be used next term.

(2)當動作的承受者比起動作的執行者來說更能引起人們的關心而需要加以強調時，要用被動語態。例如：

This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.

The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.

(3)含有雙賓語的句子，主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變為被動語態中的主語，另一個保留不變。變為主語的若是主動句中的直接賓語，間接賓語前則需加介詞to 或for。

例如：The pianist gave the pupils some advice.

　　　　　　　　　　 間接賓語 直接賓語

→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.

→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.

(4)在主動語態句中動詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語，動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態時后面的不定式都須加上to。

例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.

　　 →They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.

　　 　A boy saw him enter the house.

　 　　　→He was seen to enter the house.

(一)被動語態的構成

英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be必須與主語的人稱和數保持一致，并有時態的變化。例如：

The man was fooled by the two boys.

The book has been translated into several languages.