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42. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions 　need ______.

A. that…to be improved　 　 　　　　　　　　　 B. which…to be improved

C. where…improving　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. when…improving

41. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______ clear warnings

before firing any shots.

A. to issue 　　 　 B. being issued 　　　　 C. to have issued 　　　　 D. to be issued

例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _________.

A. the thief having caught　　　 B. catch the thief

C. the thief being caught　　　　 D. the thief to be caught

答案為C。

[解析]　 lead to這個詞組中to是介詞，后面跟名詞，于是B被排除，the thief是動名詞邏輯上的主語，構成動名詞的復合結構，與catch之間應是被動關系，故排除A。常見的帶介詞to的短語有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。

例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A. lacked　　　　 B. lacking of　　　　　 C. lacking　　　 D. lacked in

答案為C。　

[解析]　 lack是及物動詞，后接賓語money。his parents與lack是邏輯上的主謂關系，要用現在分詞作狀語。譯文：雖然缺錢，他的父母親還是設法讓他上了大學。

例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.

A. to lose 　　　　 B. losing 　　　　　　　　　　 C. to be lost 　　　　 D. being lost

答案：B

[解析]　 risk后面只能帶動名詞做賓語，含義為“冒……之險”。

例4、　　　 _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.

A. Exposed　　 B. Having exposed　　 C. Being exposed　　　 D. After being exposed

答案為C。

[解析]　 在非謂語動詞中，用動名詞或不定式來作主語，而分詞和介詞短語不能作主語，因此A、D被排除。在這個句子中，will do是謂語，缺少主語，要用動名詞作主語。expose與one's skin是動賓關系，所以要用動名詞的被動式being exposed。譯文：在陽光下曬太長時間對人的皮膚有壞處。

例5、____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

　 　A. Put 　　　　　 B. Putting 　　　　　　　　　 C. Having put　　　　 D. Being put

答案：A　

[解析]　 put sth. into use “讓……投入使用”。顯然，put 和句子主語the hotline 構成被動關系，所以用表示被動的過去分詞。

例6、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.

A. had 　　　　　 B. having 　　　　　　　　　　 C. to have 　　　　　　 D. have

答案：C

[解析]　 動詞不定式充當目的狀語。

例7、With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled　　　　 B. settling　　　　 C. to settle　　　　 D. being settled　

答案為C　

[解析]動詞不定式to settle作為difficult problems的定語表示現在或將來要解決的難題；過去分詞settle作定語表示已經解決的難題，現在分詞的被動式being settled作定語表示正在解決的難題。

例8、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A. taking 　　　　　 B. taken　　　　　　　　　　　 C. having taken　　　 D. having been taken

答案：A

[解析]　 take advantage of (利用)和句子主語More and more people 構成主動關系，且和句子謂語sign up for　 (報名參加)同時發生，所以選擇A。

例9、　　　 Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.

A. admit　　　　 B. admitted　　　　 C. admitting　　 D. to admit

答案為A。

[解析]　 該句中的but是介詞，后接動詞不定式。當謂語動詞是do，does或did時，后接不帶to的不定式；是其他動詞時，后接帶to的不定式。該句的謂語是could do nothing，要填動詞原形admit。譯文：山德不得不向老師承認自己錯了。

例10、　 He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.

A. hoped　　　 B. hoping　　　　 C. to hope　　　 D. hope

答案為B。

[解析]　 現在分詞hoping表示與send me an e-mail同時發生的動作。一些考生認為應該填不定式作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語時，句子的正確形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一詞，如果要選擇“hoped”時，句子的正確形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。“hope”和“sent”作并列謂語。

第三節 鞏固練習

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. _____ anything about the accident ,he went to work as usual. 　 A. Not known 　 　　 B. Known not 　　　 C. Knowing not 　　　　 D. Not knowing 2. -Have you decided when_____? 　 -Yes, tomorrow morning. 　 A. to leave 　　　　　　　　 B. to be leaving 　　　　　　　 C. will you leave 　 D. are you leaving 3. I really enjoy_____ that kind of job. 　 A. do　 　　　　　　　　 B. doing　 　 　　　　　　 C. to do　 　　　　 D. to be doing 4. -There’s a hole in your bag. 　 -l know. I am going to have it_____. 　 A. mend　 　　　　　　　　　　 B. mending　　 　　　　　　 C. mended　　 　　　 D. to be mended 5. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ dead. 　 A. lying 　　 　　　 B. lie　 　 　　　　　　 C. lay　 　 　　　 D. laying 6. Tell him_____ the window. 　 A. to shut not 　　　　　 B. not to shut 　 　　 C. to not shut 　　 D. not shut 7. The furniture ______on October 15 was seriously damaged because of a road accident . 　 A. being delivered　　　　　　　　　　 　　 B. having delivered　

　 C. having been delivered　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 D. delivered 8. He had his leg_____ in the match yesterday. 　 A. to break 　　　　　　　　 B. broken　 　　　　　　 C. break　 　　　　　　　 D. breaking 9. I can’t imagine_____ that with them. 　 A. do　 　　　　　　　　 B. to do　 　　　　　　 C. being done 　　 D. doing 10. Most of the people_____ to the party were famous scientists. 　 A. invited 　　　　　 B. to invite　 　　　　　　　　　　 C. being invited 　　 D. inviting 11. -Good morning. Can I help you? 　　-I’d like to have this package_____, madam. 　 A. be weighed 　　　 B. to be weighed 　　 C. to weigh 　　 D. weighed 12. Slowly she opened the letter, _____. 　 A. her hands trembled slightly 　　　　　　　　 B. slightly her hands were trembled

C. her hands slightly trembling　　　 　　　　　　 C. trembling her hands slightly 13. All ______will be present at the conference . 　 A. parties concerned　　　　　　　　 　　　　 B. parties concerning　

　C. concerned parties　　 　　　　　　　　　　 D. concerning parties 14. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better. 　 A. Given 　　　　　　 B. To give　 　 　　　　　 C. Giving 　　 　　　 D. Having given 15. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_____ on a big rock by the side of the path. 　 A. to have rested 　 B. resting 　　　　　　 C. to rest 　　 D. rest 16. Last summer I took a course on_______. 　 A. how to make dresses　 　　 　　　　　　　　 B. how dresses be made 　 C. how to be made dresses　 　　　　　　　　　 D. how dresses to be made 17. The murderer was brought in, with his hands_____ behind his back. 　 A. being tied 　　　 B. having tied 　 　　 C. to be tied 　 　　 D. tied 18. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president. 　 A. to prepare 　　　 B. preparing 　　 　 C. prepared 　 D. was preparing 19. I can hardly imagine Peter_____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 　 A. sail　 　 　　　　　　 B. to sail　　 　　　　　　　 C. sailing 　　 D. to have sailed 20. -The light in the office is still on. 　　 -Oh, I forgot_____. 　 A. turning it off 　 　 B. turn it off　 　　　　　　　　　　 C. to turn it off　 　 D. having turned it off 21. The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. 　 A. first playing 　　　 B. to be first played 　　 C. first played 　　　 D. to be first playing 22. Not having finished his homework, _____ to watch the game.

　A. so he was forbidden　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. he forbade

C. he was forbidden　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. mother forbid him 23. The _____ world population is the result of recent advances in medical science. 　 A. increased　 　　　　 B. increase　 　　　 C. being increasing D. Increasing 24. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do. 　 A. When left 　　　 B. Leaving　 　 　　　 C. If you leave 　 D. Leave 25. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour. 　 A. pay　 　　　　　　　 B. paying　 　　 　　 C. paid　　 　　　　　 D. to pay 26. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. 　 A. making 　　 　 B. makes　　 　　　　　　 C. made　　 　　　　 D. to make 27. Robert is said_____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. 　 A. to have studied 　　 B. to study　 　　　　　　　　 C. to be studying 　 D. to have been studying 28. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult. 　 A. not make 　 　　 B. not to make　　 　　　　　　　 C. not making 　 D. do not make 29. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ______ “Sorry to miss you; will

　call later.” 　 A. read　　 　　　　　　　　　　 B. reads　　 　　　　　　　 C. to read 　　 D. reading 30. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job. 　 A. expected 　　　　 B. to expect　 　　　　 C. to be expecting D. expects 31. It is impossible to avoid ______by advertisements in a modern society. 　A. to be influenced 　 B. being influenced　 　 C. to influence　 　 D. influenced 32. Some people believe that some numbers show the ______side of a person’s personality. 　A. hiding　　 　　　　　 B. hid　 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 C. hidden　　 　　　　　　　 D. hide 33 -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? 　 -key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers. 　A. to solving…making 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. to solving…made

C. to solve…making 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. to solve…made 34. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they

will enjoy it. 　A. to see　　 　　　　　　 B. to be seen 　　　　　 C. seeing　 　　　　　　　　 D. seen 35. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______. 　A. it what to do with 　　　 B. what to do it with　 　 C. what to do with it　　　 D. to do what with it 36. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it. 　A. begins　 　　　　　 B. having begun 　　　　　 C. beginning 　　　　 D. begun 37. The teacher asked us______ so much noise. 　A. don’t make 　　 B. not make 　 　　　　　　　 C. not making 　　　　 D. not to make 38. ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 　A. Having given 　　 B. To give 　　　　　 C. Giving　 　　　　　　　　 D. Given 39. Walking past the park, I couldn’t help ______some children flying kites. 　A. stop to watch　　 B. stopping watch　 　　 C. stopping to watch　 　 D. to stop to watch 40. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. 　A. when taking 　 B. when taken 　　　　 C. when to take 　　　　 D. when to be taken

10. 分詞作狀語時， 分詞的邏輯主語要與句子的主語相一致。若它們之間的關系是主謂關系，用現在分詞，而動賓關系則用過去分詞。如果分詞的動作先于謂語，分詞要用完成時。

　 例如：Having finished his composition, he went home.

　　　　 While looking through the paper, he found some errors.

9. 如果分詞短語的邏輯主語與句子不是相同的，則要用從句或分詞獨立主格結構來表示。

　 例如：Weather permitting, we will go to the Center Park.

8. 分詞的完成式一般不用來作定語，因此，要表示完成主動的意思常用定語從句。

例如：The accident which happened yesterday was very serious.

7. 在介詞后一般用動名詞作賓語，但在少數介詞，如but, except后用動詞不定式作賓語，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”則省去“to”。

　 例如：I have done nothing but help him with his luggage.

　　　　 I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.

6. 在動詞need, want, require后用動名詞表示被動含義，相當于動詞不定式的被動式；而用動詞不定式的主動式表示主動含義。

　 例如：The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned.

　　　　 He needs to clean the house first.

5. 在表示情緒的動詞，如like, love, hate, prefer等后，用動名詞作賓語表示一般傾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/prefer后要用不定式

　 例如：I hate eating the same food every day.

　　　　 Would you like to watch TV in the evening?

4．不定式的被動式有兩種形式：to be done表示將要被做，to have been done表示已被做。

例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.

The cinema is said to have been built last year.