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3、儀器洗滌

(1)洗滌方法：①在試管或燒瓶內(nèi),注入一半水，振蕩。②用試管刷轉(zhuǎn)動或上下移動。

(2)難溶物的洗滌：油脂用熱的　　　 溶液或　　　　 洗。

　　　　　　　　 不溶性堿、堿性氧化物、碳酸鹽用　　　　　 洗。

(3)洗凈標志：內(nèi)壁附著的水既不　　　　　　 ，也不　　　　　 ，形成一層水膜。

(4)放置：洗干凈的試管應　　 放在試管架上，其它儀器放在指定地方。

2、儀器連接與裝配

(1)連接方法

①玻璃管插入橡皮塞：沾　　　　　 濕潤，轉(zhuǎn)動插入。

②玻璃管插入橡皮管：管口平圓，沾　　　　　 濕潤。

③容器口塞入皮塞：雙手平拿，　 　　　　塞緊，橡皮塞以進入密器口　　 為宜。

(2)連接順序

①從　　 到　　 ，從　　 到　　 ，順序連接，拆卸時順序相反。在習題中常為完成某項檢驗或測定，需將多個儀器連接起來，此時須注意其邏輯順序，不可隨意安排。最好能圍繞“實驗目的”和“實驗原理”這個中心考慮。

②對于干燥儀器的連接。洗氣瓶：盛放　　 體干燥劑，氣體應從　　　　 進入；干燥管：盛放　　 體干燥劑，氣體從　　　　 通入，(對于U形支管，兩端均可)。

(3)氣密性檢查

步驟：①連好儀器。②將導管一端插入　　　 中。③用　　 緊握容器外壁。

判斷：若有　　　 產(chǎn)生，或松手后在導氣管末端形成　　　 ，則說明不漏氣。

1、物質(zhì)的加熱

		①用　　 　焰加熱； ②加熱前，先要使儀器 　　　　　； ③固體加熱，試管口　　　　　 ； ④液體加熱，試管與桌面成　　　 角，液體量不超過容積的　　 ， 使用燒杯、燒瓶加熱液體時要墊　　　 。
	注意事項

2、了解儀器的連接和氣密性檢驗的方法，了解儀器洗滌方法。

1、會使用酒精燈，會給試管中的固體物質(zhì)或液體加熱。了解加熱儀器及方法，會使用試管夾。

3.信的開頭和結(jié)尾已寫好，不算在字數(shù)內(nèi)。

Dear editor，

I am a student from Nanjing No.1 High School. I’m writing to tell you about a new form of education and the discussion around it. After the earthquake in Wenchuan, how to teach the students to understand the value of life has been brought into focus in many schools. A school in Kunming let their students write down their virtual wills and express “what they wanted most if they were spending their last day”. This practice has aroused a heated discussion.

Most of the students are for this way of education, thinking such activity gives them a chance to see their goals more clearly. They also learn what they should cherish or give up and what they should work hard for.

However, most parents hold the opposite opinion. They say their children should be encouraged to communicate with them in person instead of baring their heart on paper with a pessimistic attitude towards future.

According to experts, being a taboo in Chinese culture, “death” is still hard for most parents to accept as a form of education. Moreover, schools should be careful not to hurt the students who have suffered misfortunes in their families.

　From my point of view, writing one's will is a reasonable idea, so don't make a fuss about it. I think it necessary for the students to consider the value of life and respect life. By writing our will, we'll realize how important it is to cherish every second and make our life meaningful when we're alive.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Best regards

2.字數(shù)：不少于150字。

2．文章的標題和開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

寫作思路：這是一篇半開放性作文，選材密切聯(lián)系社會生活中熱點問題，要求考生組織材料，布局要點，并有適當?shù)淖杂砂l(fā)揮。寫作的難點在于如何展開聯(lián)想，以人行道樹的名義呼吁人們增強環(huán)保意識。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Help Us!

We, 50 desperate trees, are crying. We were dug out by the roots as the road was being widened. We were cruelly exposed to the sun for a whole day. Seeing the scene, many residents felt sad and got angry at what some people had done.

We are puzzled why some people ruining trees while planting us. We are deeply concerned about our fate. The city is becoming larger and larger, but our space is becoming smaller and smaller, which means that all the trees will fall victim to someone’s wrong plan.

　 Help us and give us a living world. It is we that have beautified the city. Ruining us will do much damage to the environment. We hope that the government will punish those who spoil grass and flowers or cut down trees and provide us with safe and comfortable conditions. Meanwhile we would like to appeal to all the residents to promote the awareness of environmental protection. Only in this way can man and nature live in harmony.

近幾年來大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)率越來越低。一方面畢業(yè)生的人數(shù)逐年增長而工作機會沒有相應增加反而因經(jīng)濟危機而有所減少；另一方面大學生們想找高薪而舒適的工作。很多用人單位則認為大學生缺少工作經(jīng)驗，因此寧愿雇傭有經(jīng)驗者。請根據(jù)下圖提供的數(shù)據(jù)，描述近年來我國大學生就業(yè)情況，分析原因，并給大學畢業(yè)生們提一些建議。(至少兩條)

要求：1. 短文須包括表中所有信息。2. 字數(shù)150字左右。

The Declining Employment Rate of University Graduates

　 The employment rate of university graduates is declining nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the employment rate of university graduates has declined gradually. It declined from 80 % in 2002 to nearly 75 % in 2004, then 72% in 2006, and finally, the rate dropped to no more than 70 % in 2008.

Obviously, it is increasingly difficult for a university graduate to find a job today.

The reasons for this are various. For one thing, the number of university graduates is increasing every year, while the job vacancies for them have not increased in accordance but declined because of the financial crisis. For another, many graduates want to find a well-paid and comfortable job, which is always not practical. Finally, many employers think that the students who have just left from university are in lack of working experience, thus, they are more willing to hire the experienced.

Therefore, in order to find a job after graduation, university students should be more practical, and not only learn as much knowledge as possible, but also take all kinds of opportunities to gain working experience.

在經(jīng)歷了汶川地震后，為了讓學生認真思考生命的價值，認識生命和尊重生命，昆明某校采用了“遺書模擬”的方式，組織學生思考“如果這是你生命中最后一天，你最想說的是什么？”這一話題。該教育方式在社會上引起不小的爭議。請根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容提示，寫一封信給《21世紀報》的編輯，描述這一爭議，并發(fā)表自己的看法。

注意：　 1. 信中要包含所有表中要點，但不要逐條翻譯。

3.　　　 我們的呼吁：......(不少于兩點)

注意：1.詞數(shù)150左右，避免逐字翻譯；

2.　　　 我們的擔憂：城市越來越大，我們的空間卻越來越小，這就意味著......