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Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree，new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children．
One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders．Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points 1ower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs．
A second study, looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand，found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood．But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don’t rule out (排除) that already poorly motivated (有動機的) youngsters may watch lots of TV．
Their study measured the TV habits of 26- year-olds between ages 5 and 15．Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood，compared with an average of more than 2.5 hours for those who had no education beyond high schoo1s．    ‘
In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest，while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest．
While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores，it adds to accumulating(增加) findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms．
【小題1】According to the California study, the low-scoring group might     .

For many in the United States, Arab-Americans are an invisible part of the population. Though Arab-Americans as a community have made great contributions to American society in fields from literature to politics to medicine, many Americans know very little about Americans of Arab backgrounds.
Arab history in the United States goes back to the late 1800’s when large numbers of Arab immigrants first began making their journey to a land known simply as “Amreeka”.
Historians generally describe Arab immigration to America in two waves. The first wave took place between 1860 and 1924.The first wave consisted of Lebanese and Syrian, and some Egyptian immigrants. These new immigrants, who were mostly Christian, came to America in search of better opportunities. Even the doomed Titanic, which set sail for America in 1912,had close to a hundred Arab passengers aboard. The majority of Arab-Americans today are descendents of the first wave of immigrants; they are the third or more generation Americans.
The second wave of immigrants followed after World War Ⅱ,caused by political unrest in the Middle East. This second wave of immigrants consists of mainly Arab Muslims（穆斯林）and continues to this day.
Arab-Americans make up 3 million of the population in the United States, according to demographers. And quite different from popular belief, 64 percent of them are American-born. Eighty-two percent of Arab-Americans are US citizens.
Arab-Americans are beyond the national average in both education and income. Education is important among Arab-Americans; 82 percent have high school diplomas, 36 percent have bachelor’s degrees or higher, and 15 percent have graduate degrees. The-median（中位數的）average income among Arab-Americans is $39,580, which is higher than the US average.
【小題1】The first wave of immigrants took place because__________.

Ladies and Gentlemen, thank you. Well, ni-hao. (Laughter) It is such a pleasure and an honor to be here with all of you at this great university, so thank you so much for having me. I’m here today because I know that our future depends on connections like these among young people like you across the world.
That’s why when my husband and I travel abroad, we don’t just visit palaces and parliaments(國會) and meet with heads of countries. We also come to schools like this one to meet with students like you, because we believe that relationships between countries aren’t just about relationships between governments or leaders — they’re about relationships between people, particularly young people. So we view study abroad programs not just as an educational chance for students, but also as an active part of America’s foreign policy(政策).
Through the wonders of modern technology, our world is more connected than ever before. Ideas can cross oceans with the click of a mouse. Companies can do business and compete with companies across the world. And we can text, email, Skype with people in the world.
So studying abroad isn’t just a fun way to spend a time of learning; it is quickly becoming the key to success in our times. Because getting ahead in today’s workplaces isn’t just about getting good grades or test scores in school, which are important. It’s also about having real experience with the world beyond your borders — experience with languages, cultures and societies very different from your own. Or, as the Chinese saying goes: “It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.”
【小題1】Where did the speaker probably give the talk to the audience?

Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree，new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children．

?? One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders．Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points 1ower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs．

?? A second study, looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand，found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood．But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don’t rule out (排除) that already poorly motivated (有動機的) youngsters may watch lots of TV．

?? Their study measured the TV habits of 26- year-olds between ages 5 and 15．Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood，compared with an average of more than 2.5 hours for those who had no education beyond high schoo1s．??? ‘

?? In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest，while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest．

?? While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores，it adds to accumulating(增加) findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms．

1.According to the California study, the low-scoring group might ??? .

A．have watched a lot of TV???? B．not be interested in math

C．be unable to go to college???? D．have had computers in their bedrooms

2.What is the researchers’ understanding of the New Zealand study results?

A．Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV

B．Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest．

C．TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds．

D．The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain．

3.What Can we 1earn from the last two paragraphs?

A． More time should be spent on computers．

B．Children should be forbidden from watching TV.

C．TV sets shouldn’t be allowed in children’s bedrooms．

D．Further studies on high-achieving students should be done．

4.What would be the best title for this text?

A．Computers or Television

B．Effects of Television on Children

C．Studies on TV and College Education

D．Television and Children’s Learning Habits