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 (09·江蘇)

The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students must   36   sixty hours of service learning,   37   they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community.    38    of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.    39   a service experience, students must keep a journal（日志）and then write a   40   about what they have learned.

Supporters claim that there are many   41    of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think   42   their own interests and become   43   of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real-life skills that   44    responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team.   45  , students can explore possible careers   46   service learning.

For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.  47   there are many benefits, opponents （反對者）   48   problems with the new requirement. First, they   49   that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend   50   time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without   51   goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual's freedom to choose.

In my view, service learning is a great way to   52   to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers.   53   , I don' t believe you should force people to help others – the  54   to help must come from the heart. I think the best   55    is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility, and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.

36. A. spend                        B. gain                  C .complete                  D. save

37. A. and                            B. or                     C. but                          D. for

38. A. Subjects                     B. ideas                 C. Procedures               D. Examples

39. A. With                          B. Before               C . During                    D. After

40. A. diary                          B, report                C . note                        D. notice

41. A. courses                      B. benefits             C . challenges               D. features

42. A. beyond                      B. about                C. over                         D. in

43. A. careful                       B. proud                C. tired                         D. aware

44. A. possess                      B. apply                 C. include                     D. develop

45. A. Gradually                   B. Finally        C . Luckily                   D. Hopefully

46. A. through                      B. across               C. of                            D. on

47. A. So                             B. Thus                 C . Since                      D. While

48. A. deal with                    B. look into            C . point out                 D. take down

49. A. argue                         B. doubt                C . overlook                  D. admit

50. A. much                         B. full                    C . less                         D. more

51. A. cost                           B. pay                   C. care                         D. praise

52. A. contribute                  B. appeal               C. attend                      D. belong

53. A. Therefore                   B. Otherwise          C. Besides                    D. However

54. A. courage                            B. desire                C. emotion                    D. spirit

55. A. decision                            B. purpose             C. solution                    D. result

  

 (09·江蘇D篇)

Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from t}le nearby fields．

Components of Soft

Soil is made up of a number of layers（層），each having its own distinctive colour and texture．The upper layer is known as the litter．It acts like a blanket．limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss．The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus（腐殖質），which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour．This layer is usually rich in nutrients，oxygen，and water．Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter．This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus．Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock．

Soil forms from the bottom up．Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind，frost, and snow．It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering．Plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil．Most of the soil in Eastern Canada．for example．Was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared l2．000 years ag0．

Water Beneath the Soil

Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes．ponds．and rivers．Once in the soil or rock，it is called groundwater．Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation（滲透）．Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table．Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate．

As water percolates downward，it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers．This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.

Soil pH

Soil can be acidic．neutral．or basic．The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock

from which it was formed．and by the nature of t}le plants that grow and rot in it．

The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil．By burning fossil fuels such as coal，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils．When fossil fuels are burned．gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain．Acid soil increases出e problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels．As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile．Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases．

67．The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called．

A．1itter            B．topsoil            C．humus          D．subsoil

68．According to the text．which of the following is NOT true?

A．Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface．

B．The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than t}le surface soil．

C．Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil．

D．Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth．

69．We can infer from the passage that the water table lies       ．

A．between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer

B．in the subsoil layer above bedrock

C．between the subsoil layer and bedrock

D．in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil

70．The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are          ．

A．rushed away into the river

B．cleaned and purified by water

C．destroyed and carried away by water

D．mixed with water and become part of it