題目列表(包括答案和解析)
閱讀下面短文,用英語回答文后所給的5個問題。
Bacteria(細菌) are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in micron. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter; a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron across. Thus, if you magnified a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just the size of a pinhead, while a grown-up human enlarged by the same amount would be over a mile tall.
Even with an ordinary microscope(顯微鏡), you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one can hardly find bacteria. Nor can one make out anything of their structure(結構), of course. Only by using special colors, can one see that some bacteria have wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella move round a central point, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can move along over surface by some little-understood “machinery”.
From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses(糖漿) is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are affected by the movements of the chemical molecules(分子) around them. Bacteria under microscopes, even those with no flagella, often jump up and down in the water. This is because they knock with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that.
47. What does the underlined word “magnified” mean?
________________________________________________________________
48. What is the smallest according to the passage?
________________________________________________________________
49. What is the relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly like?
________________________________________________________________
50. Why does the writer compare water to molasses in the third paragraph?
________________________________________________________________
閱讀下面短文,用英語回答文后所給的問題。
Bacteria(細菌) are extremely small living things．While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in micron．One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter; a pinhead is about a millimeter across．Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron across．Thus, if you magnified a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just the size of a pinhead, while a grown-up human enlarged by the same amount would be over a mile tall．
Even with an ordinary microscope(顯微鏡), you must look closely to see bacteria．Using a magnification of 100 times, one can hardly find bacteria．Nor can one make out anything of their structure(結構), of course．Only by using special colors, can one see that some bacteria have wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella．Others have only one flagellum．The flagella move round a central point, pushing the bacteria through the water．Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can move along over surface by some little-understood “machinery”．
From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans．To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses(糖漿) is to us．Bacteria are so small that they are affected by the movements of the chemical molecules(分子) around them．Bacteria under microscopes, even those with no flagella, often jump up and down in the water．This is because they knock with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that．
1．What does the underlined word “magnified” mean?
_______________________________
2．What is the smallest according to the passage?
_______________________________
3．What is the relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly like?
_______________________________
4．Why does the writer compare water to molasses in the third paragraph?
_______________________________
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given．
(用所給的單詞或短語把下面的句子翻譯成英語。)
他們采用了一種新方法來殺滅牛奶里的細菌。(bacteria)(introduce)
________________________
Experts are finding your standard first aid response may be the worst thing you can do in an emergency.
Here's how to update your first aid kit.
CUTS AND SCRAPES
When the skin isn't broken, it's hard to beat iodine (碘酒) for killing bacteria(細菌). 3. _____________
doctors use it to clean before surgery. But when there's a cut, full - strength iodine and rubbing alcohol can
be harmful to skin cells, preventing healing. Putting iodine on cuts and wounds kills bacteria, but it won't clean
the wound. The most effective way is washing the wound with water.
BURNS
If you spread some butter on the burn to ease the pain, it isn't a good idea. Butter was thought to cool the
burn, but it can cause infection and create and environment for bacterial growth. Run the burn under cool
water immediately to help remove the heat and put an end to the damaging process. Wrap the burn with a
bandage, and keep it clean and dry. If blisters (水泡) form, don't break them.
POISONING
When a child swallows anything poisonous, parents probably think they're well prepared if ipecac (催吐
劑) is on hand. Wrong. Ipecac was thought to be a good way to treat a child who had swallowed a poisonous
substance, but not any more because it doesn't always remove the toxic substance (有毒物質). That may
cause dehydration (脫水) and prevent doctors from giving other treatments.
EXCESS BLEEDING
Everyone learns how to stop bleeding with a tourniquet (止血帶). But studies show this method causes
more harm than good. Tourniquets can increase the risk of tissue damage or even the loss of a limb. Apply
direct pressure to the wound. Simply place a clean cloth on the wound and press firmly; don't remove the
cloth, event if it gets black. If necessary, add more cloths. If that's not enough, you can further slow the
blood flow by applying pressure to the main artery (動脈) of the upper arm or leg.
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