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Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than their counterparts did in the ten other countries surveyed.
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression." Those things that do not show up in the test scores, personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee." Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡ had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."
But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles." In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth becoming centralization, fully 76 percent of Japans, 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
【小題1】 In the Westerners eyes, the postwar Japan was_____ .

A．Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.

B．Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.

C．More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.

D．Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.

完形填空（共20小題; 每小題1分，滿分20分）

    閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從下列各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項標號涂黑。

When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg __21____a few coins, do you hurry on, not ___22___ what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly ___23___ some money? What should our attitude___24___ beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories． It ___25___ be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from． It seems ___26___ not to give some money to beggars．

    __27____, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and ___28___what we have with those less lucky than ourselves． But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, ___29___ one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea． Quite a few people will not give to beggars． Let us look at their ___30___．

    First, some believe that many city beggars dress up ___31___ to look pitiable and actually make a good ___32___ from begging． Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil（惡行）． __33____, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs． Thirdly, there is the opinion__34____there is no real excuse for begging． One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of ___35___ and self-dependence．

    Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be handled by the government __36____ordinary people． Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and __37____ help．

    It is hard to come to any final conclusion: there are various __38____and we must __39____ them differently． A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the__40____．

1.A． to              B． with          C． at            D． for

2.A． knowing         B． expecting     C． demanding    D． settling

3.A． put away        B． hand over     C． take in                     D． get out

4.A． at              B． in            C． over                        D． towards

5.A． must            B． can           C． need         D． might 

6.A． warm-hearted    B． generous      C． cruel         D． considerate

7.A． Strangely       B． Honestly      C． Certainly                   D． Surprisingly

8.A． give            B． donate        C share          D．contribute

9.A． why             B． when          C． what          D． how 

10.A． arguments     B． quarrels                        C． sayings        D． talks

11.A． on show        B． on purpose     C． for fun        D． by accident

12.A． money          B． comfort                         C． living         D． decision

13.A． Secondly      B． Surely        C． Possibly      D． Then

14.A． what           B． whether                         C． that              D． which

15.A． goodness      B． pride         C． security      D． responsibility

16.A． rather than     B． or rather    C． other than    D． but also

17.A． produce        B． receive       C． earn                        D． offer

18.A． cases         B． events        C． conditions   D． states

19.A． go with        B．communicate with C． deal with   D． meet with

20.A． giver        B．receiver    C． villager        D． government

The researchers, led by Hwang Woo-suk, insist they cloned an Afghan hound, only to help investigate (研究) human disease, including the possibility of cloning stem cells (干細胞) for treatment purposes.
But others immediately renewed calls for a global ban on human reproductive cloning before the technology moves any farther.
“Successful cloning of an increasing number of species confirms the general impression that it would be possible to clone any species of mammals, including humans,” said Ian Wilmut, a reproductive biologist at the University of Edinburgh who produced the first cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep, from an adult cell nearly a decade ago.
Researchers have since cloned cats, goats, cows, mice, pigs, rabbits, horses, deer, mules and gaur, a large wild ox of Southeast Asia. So far, efforts to clone a monkey or another primate with the same techniques have failed.
Uncertainties about the health and life span (壽命) of cloned animals continue to exsist; Dolly died at a young age in 2003 after developing cancer and arthritis.
Wilmut and others complimented Hwang’s achievement, reported Wednesday in the journal Nature. But they said politicians and scientists must face the larger issue — how to go on with the research without crossing the moral boundary of copying human life in the lab.
“The ability to use the technology is hopeful,” said Robert Schenken, president of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. “However, the paper also points out that in dogs as in most species, cloning for reproductive purposes is unsafe.”
The cloned puppy was the lone success from more than 100 dogs implanted (嵌入)with more than 1,000 cloned embryos.
In a news conference in Seoul, the cloning team also condemnedthe reproductive cloning of humans as “unsafe and inefficient.” Human reproductive cloning already is banned in South Korea. Other nations, including the United States, are divided on whether to ban just human cloning or cloning of all kinds, including the production of stem cells.
【小題1】 An Afghan hound is a kind of ______.

A man living absolutely alone in a desert or forest is free from other people; but he is not absolutely free. His freedom is limited in several ways. Firstly, by the things around him, such as wild animals or cliffs too steep (陡峭的) to climb. Secondly, by his own needs: he must have sleep, water, food and shelter from extreme heat or cold. Lastly, by his own nature as a man: disease may attack him, and death will certainly come to him sooner or later.

When men live together, on the other hand, protection against wild animals is easier and they can work together to get food and build shelters; but each man has to give up some of his freedom so that he can live happily with the others.

When men become organized into very large groups, and civilization (文明) develops, it is possible to get freedom from hunger, thirst, cold, heat and many diseases, so that each person can live a happier life than he could if he were living alone; but such a society can not work successfully unless the freedom of each human being is to some extent limited so that he is kept from hurting others. I am not free to kill others, nor to steal someone else's property, nor to behave in a way that offends (觸犯) against the moral sense of the society in which I live. I have to limit my own freedom myself so that others will not limit it too much: I agree to respect the rights of others, and in return they agree to respect mine.

   The advantages of such an agreement are great: one man can become a doctor, knowing that others will grow food, make clothes and build a house for him, in return for the work he does to keep them healthy. If each man had to grow his own food, make his own clothes, build his own house and learn to be his own doctor, he would find it impossible to do any one of these jobs really well. By working together, we make it possible for society to provide us all with food, clothes, shelter and medical care, while leaving each of us with as much freedom as it can.

A man living alone in a desert or forest ______.

A. is completely free      B. feels rather lonely 

C. has limited freedom     D. enjoys no freedom

The author suggests that when men live together ______.

A. they will have no freedom and have to help others.

B. they can help each other protect against wild animals.

C. they have to work for their own food and shelters

D. everyone’s happiness is at the expense of other people’s freedom.

According to the passage, to do all his own jobs one would ______.

A. enjoy a complete freedom.

B. find it a happy thing to do everything at his own will

C. find it a very hard job to deal with everything by himself

D. feel quite fantastic and encouraged.

We may infer from the passage that the author ____.

A. is against separation from a civilized society.

B. is in favor of a well-organized society.

C. is against freedom gained at others.

D. denies the existence of many-sided people

Grant Wood’s American Gothic caused a stir （轟動）in 1930 when it was exhibited for the first time at the Art Institute of Chicago and awarded a prize of 300 dollars. Newspapers across the country carried the story, and the painting of a farmer and a younger woman posed before a white house brought the artist instant fame.

????????????? In 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, noticed a small white house built in the small southern Iowa town of Eldon. Wood was so fascinated by it that he decided to paint the house along with the kind of people he thought should live in that house. In the painting, the farmer is modeled on his dentist. Dr. Byron McKeeby. His younger sister Nan served as a model for the woman （imagined to be the farmer’s wife or daughter）. Wood wanted to give a description of the traditional roles of men and women as the man is holding a pitchfork symbolizing hard labor. Each element was painted separately; the models sat separately and never stood in front of the house. The Gothic style of the house inspired the painting’s title.

????????????? American Gothic remains one of the most famous paintings in the history of American art. The painting has become part of American popular culture. Some believe that Wood used it to satirize（諷刺） the narrow-mindedness that has been said to characterize Midwestern culture. The painting may also be read as a praise of the moral virtue or rural America or even as a mixture of praise and satire. American Gothic is one of the few images to reach the status of cultural symbol, along with Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.

1.Which of the following is true about American Gothic?

A．It won a prize of ￡ 300.

B．The two characters in it posed before the White House.

C．It was the first painting by Grant Wood.

D．It was on show at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1930.

2.From the passage we can infer Iowa is in __________.

A．the southern town of Eldon???? ????????????? B．the Midwest of the United States

C．a European country?????????? D．the city of Chicago

3.Grant Wood chose the two models __________.

A．to describe traditional roles of men and women

B．to praise the moral virtue of rural America

C．to make his dentist and his sister famous

D．to carry the story across the country

4.The title of the painting is based on __________.

A．the name of a small town?? ????????????? B．the man and the woman

C．the Gothic style of the house???? D．the pitchfork symbolizing hard labor