現(xiàn)在完成時專題講座：
一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have (has) + done
二、基本概念：
1. 過去發(fā)生的一個動作 或者存在的某個狀態(tài)，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或者結(jié)果；（這里的動詞需要用結(jié)束性動詞）
在完成時專題講座.files/image001.gif)
He ______ (die).
The war _______ (break) out.
2. 過去發(fā)生的一個動作或存在的某個狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或者結(jié)果。(這里的動詞需要用延續(xù)性動詞)
He ______ (be) a teacher for ten years.
He _______ (be) a teacher since ten years ago.
We _______ (work) at this school for 3 years.
三、現(xiàn)在完成時的判斷：
1、句子中沒有明確的時間。
He _____ (die) last year
He _____ (die) next week.
He _____ (die) now.
He _____ (die)
2、句子中有一些特征詞。
Already ever never just yet since…. For…..
He _____already _____ (see) the film.
I _______ never ______ (learn)English .
_______ you ______ (finish) your homework yet?
The meeting ______ (begin) for two hours.
動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞。
一.延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。
表示時間段的短語有:for+一段時間,for 2 years; since從句,since he came here; since+時間點(diǎn)名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?
二.非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中與表示時間點(diǎn)的狀語連用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
否定的終止性動詞可以與表示時間段的時間狀語連用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu), be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu), open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out， put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.
補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：
四、延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
四．實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)：
1. I have ever been to macau. (變否定句)
I ___ ____ been to
2.He hasn't come to school because he's ill (就劃線部分提問)
____ _____ he come to school?
3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問)
____ ___ ____ ____ learned English ?
4.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改寫)
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句)
We ____ ____English ____three years
四、 用for 或since填空
1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.
3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office.She has been there7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country 1974.
6. The bus is late.We've been waiting 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty many years.
8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October
A.用 already或 yet
1) Have they taken down the old pictures ______?
No, not ___________.
2) Most of us have finished our compositions ________
3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition ________.
B.用 since或 for
1) We have learned five lessons _____he beginning of this term.
2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital ______last week.
3) I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.
C. 用have gone或 have been
1) Where are the boy students ?They _____to the school factory.
2) Is your father in?No, he ____to Shenzhen._______ he ever______there before?Yes, he ___there several times
3) He asked me if
I ____to
1. 寫出下列動詞的過去式 , 過去分詞 .
am________ _________ come ________ _________ go_________ _______
do _________ __________ ask ________ _________ speak________ __________
cut _________ __________ sit _________ _________ spend________ _________
get _________ ___________ draw_________ __________
write _________ ________
see_________ ___________ say _________ __________
keep _________ ________
eat _________ ___________ buy _________ __________
hear _________ ________
put _________ ___________ fall _________ __________
give _________ _________
read_________ ___________ stop_________ __________ hurry_________ ________
2. 選擇正確答案
( ) 1.His grandfather _____for over two years.
A. has dead B. has been dead C. has died D. died
( ) 2._____ you __ your homework ,Bob ? Yes , I have .
A. Did : finish B. Will , finish C. Have ; finished D. Do , finish
( ) 3.----How do you like
A. have gone B. have been C. haven’t gone D. haven’t been
( ) 4.----How many times
_______to
----Twice .
A .did you go B. have you gone C. have you been D. will you go
( ) 5.----Have you ever been to
A. have been B. have gone C. went D. go
( ) 6.----Have you ever
-----No, never .
But I’m going to
A. been in B. gone in C. been to D. gone to
( ) 7.----Where ____ jack ____? ------To the market. He bought some fruit.
A. does; go B. has; gone C. is; going D. has; been
( ) 8. ----Excuse me. Look at the sign over there. It says “ No smoking .” ----Sorry. I ______that .
A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C. didn’t see D. don’t see ( ) 9.Great changes _____place , many schools _____.
A. have taken ; have been opened B. take ; are open
C. have been taken ; are opened D. are taken ; open
( ) 10 .My dictionary ____ . I have looked for it everywhere but still ____it .
A. has lost ; haven’t found B. has lost ; didn’t find
C. is missing ; haven’t found D. is lost ; didn’t find
( ) 11 .Our teacher didn’t know how
log the Greens _____
A. have come to B. had been in
C. had gone to D. had been to
( ) 12. Fang Li has ___ her mind ___her job .
A. maked with ; quit B. make up ; to quit
C. made up ; to quit D. maked with ; quiting
( ) 13 . Unlike tennis , some sports, such as golf and rugby ,have been tried in the Olympic but ______
A. have returned B. have never returned
C. didn’t return D. returned
( ) 14. ---Have you __the film “
A. seen ; seen B. seen ; saw C. saw ; seen D. seen ; had
( ) 15.---Have you been to the Dinosaur World , Susan ?
----Yes , I _____it last week .
A. have visited B. had visited C. visit D. visited
( ) 16. ---John ,you ___the computer game for two hours . It’s bad for your eyes .
----Ok . Mum .
A. played B. have played C.were playing D. play
( ) 17. His grandfather _____for over two years .
A. has died B. has been dead C. has dead D. died
( ) 18. The film has ____an hour.
A. stopped for B. finished for
C. have over for D. finished since
II. 單詞拼寫.
!. Mr Johnson has taught English here for 3 years ____________( 自從 ) he came to China .
2. Tom’s uncle has _________( 居住 ) in the country all his life .
3. He’s just __________( 寫 ) a letter to his parents .
4. How long have you _________ (借 ) this book ?
六 選擇填空
1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well.
A. had made…h(huán)ave tried B. made…h(huán)ave tried
C. has made…tried D. made…tried
2 “He ____to draw horses already”.When _____ he ?”
“ Last year “
A. learned…h(huán)as B. learned…did
C. has learned…h(huán)as D. has learned…did
3.____you ____the text yet?Yes,we____it two hours ago.
A. Did…copy…did B. Have…copied…h(huán)ave
C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…h(huán)ad
4. “Why ______ she ______angry ?”“Because he _____at her just now .”
A. did…get…shouted B. has…got…shouted
C. did…get…h(huán)as shouted D. has…got…h(huán)as shouted
5. ____you _____the film before?Where_____you ____it?
A. Have …seen…did…see B. Did …see…did…watch
C. Have…seen…h(huán)ave…seen D. Did …see…h(huán)ave…seen
6.You ____me waiting for two hours. I____for you since five.
A. kept…waited B. have kept…waited
C. kept…h(huán)ave waited D. have kept…h(huán)ave waited
7.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He ______there for an hour.
A. has…been…h(huán)as gone B. has…gone…h(huán)as been
C. did…go…went D. did…be…went
8. I ______the way.I______here for quite many years.
A. knew…h(huán)ave lived B. knew…live
C. know…h(huán)ave lived D. know…live
9. _____ you ever
_____
A. Have…gone to B. Have…gone in
C. Have…been to D. Have …been in
10. My brother ____college for over three years.
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. has been in D. has been at
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