Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
【小題1】The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.
| A．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup |
| B．analyse the causes of errors made by football referees |
| C．set a standard for football refereeing |
| D．reexamine the rules for football refereeing |
| A．slightly above average | B．higher than in the 1998 World Cup |
| C．quite unexpected | D．as high as in a standard match |
| A．errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball |
| B．the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors |
| C．the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely errors will occur |
| D．errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot |
| A．the researchers involved in the experiment |
| B．the inspectors of the football tournament |
| C．the referees of the football tournament |
| D．the observers at the site of the experiment |
| A．The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45. |
| B．Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee. |
| C．A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible. |
| D．An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition. |
【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
【小題5】B
解析試題分析：本文介紹了一項研究，對于世界杯中裁判的表現的具體研究，結果發現裁判越靠近事發地點越容易犯錯，以及其他的一些具體的研究結果的信息介紹。
【小題1】B 細節題。根據文章第一段最后一句A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.可知這項研究主要是為了分析裁判犯錯的原因，來分析裁判的表現。故B正確。
【小題2】C 細節題。根據文章第二段3,4行Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.可知裁判所犯的錯誤的數量大大超過了人們的預料。故C正確。
【小題3】A 細節題。根據文章第二段5,6行Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident可知當裁判離事發地點教近的時候，最容易犯錯。故A正確。
【小題4】C 推理題。根據本句Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action.可知這里的officials就是指上文的the referees，故C項內容正確。
【小題5】B 推理題。根據文章最后一段He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.可知作者認為年齡不應該成為限制。故B正確。
考點：考察社會知識類短文閱讀
點評：本文介紹了一項研究，對于世界杯中裁判的表現的具體研究，結果發現裁判越靠近事發地點越容易犯錯，以及其他的一些具體的研究結果的信息介紹。文章基本上是考查細節題，對此類題型考生可以首先從問題中找到關鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查閱的技巧在文中迅速尋找這一細節，找到后再把這一部分內容仔細閱讀一遍，仔細比較所給選項與文中細節的細微區別，在準確理解細節的前提下，最后確定最佳答案。
科目：高中英語 來源：2011屆湖南省長沙市第一中學高三上學期第五次月考英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
The history of nomenclature (命名) in Britain is so old that no one knows the beginning of the story. Since written history began， people have had names. It is therefore impossible to do more than guess at how the earliest given names were chosen. Most names appear to have had some sort of original meaning， usually descriptive， rather than being simply a pleasing collection of sounds.
These descriptive names developed both from nouns and adjectives. The Irish Gaelic people used descriptive nouns and adjectives which were meaningful. Early in prehistory some descriptive names began to be used again and again until they formed a name pool for that particular culture. Parents would choose names from the pool of existing names rather than invent new ones for their children.
With the rise of Christianity (基督教)， Christians were encouraged to name their children after the holy people of the church. These early Christian names can be found in many cultures today， in various forms. The pool of names in use in England changed basically after the Norman came in 1066. Then French names of Germanic origin became popular within three generations. As a result names like Emma， Matilda， Richard， and William， became common in English nomenclature. At the same time a few Old English names， like Edward and Alfred remained because they were names of holy people or kings； others were kept because they were used with slight changes by Germanic names from the Normans like Robert.
Surnames developed from bynames， which are additional ones used to differentiate people with the same given name. These bynames fall into particular patterns. These started out as specific to a person and were taken down from father to son between the twelfth and sixteenth century. The noble usually used taken-down surnames early or the peasants did so later.
【小題1】We can infer from the text that .
| A．the first given names had not any actual meanings |
| B．people probably had names when there was no written language |
| C．the history of nomenclature is shorter than written history |
| D．names began to be used long after there was written language |
| A．Old English names | B．other names |
| C．names of Germanic origin | D．names of holy people |
| A．Robert is a Germanic name from the Normans. |
| B．Church didn’t encourage nomenclature used in the church. |
| C．Names like Emma and William were the most popular in 1066. |
| D．Names like Edward and Alfred were French names of Germanic origin. |
| A．b-a-e-c-d | B．a-b-c-d-e | C．a-b-c-e-d | D．b-a-c-e-d |
| A．Additional， Particular and Various |
| B．Meaningful， Christian and Foreign |
| C．Descriptive， Meaningful and Germanic |
| D．Old English-styled， Christian and Original |
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科目：高中英語 來源：河北省唐山市2009-2010學年度高一下學期期末考試試題（英語） 題型：閱讀理解
第二節（共8小題；每小題1分，滿分8分）
閱讀下面短文。根據短文內容，在表格中第63至第70小題的空格里填上適當的單詞，使信息完整。每空填一個詞。
Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass, the leaves on trees and most growing plants. Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no expereince, who is new to a situation. In the 15th century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns had not yet developed. A century or so later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the 18th century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today.
Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early 1990s. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.
The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.
Green is also the color used to describe the powerful emotion, envy. The green-eyed monster is not a terrible creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello.” It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone else has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay rise and she does not.
| Main idea: Green is an important color which means being young, 63 and growing. | |
| Greenhorn | It refers to someone who has 64 nothing. |
| Green thumb | A person with a greenthumb 65 plants well, and his/her garden continues to grow long after the 66 of your plants. |
| Green Revolution | It is the name given to the 67 of new plants, which were produced by agricultural scientists and had larger 68 . |
| Green-eyed monster | It 69 the unpleasant feeling a person has when 70 person has something he wants. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年四川省綿陽市高三12月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空
Mr. Glen is a millionaire. Years ago, after returning from abroad to his motherland, he his company. Speaking of success, Glen often tells us a story about his extra expensive “school” fee. He always his success to it.
At that time, Glen, who already got a Ph.D. degree, to return home, starting a company. Before leaving, he bought a Rolex watch with the made through years. At the airport he had to accept the customs check. The watch on his wrist was also demanded to be taken down for . Glen knew that carrying such goods out had to pay the tax, and he worried about paying for his watch. So while checked, he told a lie that his watch was a fake（假貨）. When he was of his “smarts”, immediately, in the presence of Glen, the officers hit the watch, which nearly 100,000, into pieces hearing Glen’s words. Glen was . Before he understood why, he was taken to the office to be examined . For many times of entry-exit he knew that only those people in the “blacklist” would “enjoy” this special treatment. The officers looked over everything carefully, and him no matter what time of entry and exit he must accept the check and if reusing and carrying fake goods, he would be by law! Suddenly, his face turned red, and he had nothing in mind after boarding the plane for long.
After that, he often told the story to his family and his employees. He said that this made a deep on him, because the additional high “school” fee that he had ever paid made him realize the value of , which he would remember as the of his success forever.
1.A. went up B. set up C. took up D. picked up
2.A. owes B. mentions C. brings D. honors
3.A. objected B. refused C. decided D. asked
4.A. books B. things C. pounds D. savings
5.A. ordinary B. regular C. routine D. common
6.A. inspection B. look C. test D. experiment
7.A. it B. one C. them D. these
8.A. careless B. priceless C. hopeless D. worthless
9.A. afraid B. ashamed C. proud D. hard
10.A. spent B. paid C. cost D. took
11.A. at B. on C. in D. by
12.A. amazed B. delighted C. disappointed D. satisfied
13.A. strictly B. quietly C. quickly D. curiously
14.A. conditions B. chances C. experiments D. experiences
15.A. stopped B. warned C. urged D. hoped
16.A. found out B. came out C. sent out D. set out
17.A. hit B. charged C. praised D. blamed
18.A. expression B. idea C. thought D. impression
19.A. lies B. honesty C. goods D. bravery
20.A. choice B. lesson C. secret D. belief
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年重慶市高三第三次（5月）月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
The Man was very sad. He knew that the Cat's days were numbered. The doctor had said there wasn’t anything more that could be done, and that he should take the Cat home and make him as comfortable as possible.
A tear rolled down the Man’s cheek and landed on the Cat’s forehead, The Cat gave him a slightly annoyed look. “Why do you cry, Man?” the Cat asked. “Because you can’t bear the thought of losing me? Because you think you can never replace me?” The Man nodded “yes”.
“Pick up that piece of string from the floor. There, my ‘toy’. The Man reached over and picked up the string. It was about two feet long and the Cat had been able to entertain himself for hours with it. “Now take each end of the string in one hand,” the Cat ordered. The Man did so.
“The end in your left hand is my birth and the end in your right hand is my death. Now bring the two ends together,” the Cat said. The man did so. Then the Cat continued, “You have made a continuous circle. Does any point along the string appear to be different, worse or better than any other part of the string?” The Man inspected the string and then shook his head.
“Close your eyes.” the Cat said. “Now lick your hand.” The Man widened his eyes in surprise. “Just do it,” the Cat said. “Lick your hand, think of me in all my familiar places, and think about all the pieces of string.”
Licking his hand, he discovered what a cat must know, that licking a paw is very calming and allows one to think more clearly. He continued licking and the corners of his mouth turned upward into the first smile he had shown in days. He waited for the Cat to tell him to stop, and when he didn’t, he opened his eyes. The Cat’s eyes were closed. The Man stroked(輕撫) the warm, brown fur, but the Cat was gone.
One day, not long after, there was a new cat on his lap. She was a lovely white cat. It is very different from his earlier beloved Cat and very much the same.
1.Why did the Cat give the man a slightly annoyed look?
A．Because the man’s tears made the Cat really anxious.
B．Because the Cat didn’t know what made the man burst into tears.
C．Because the Cat couldn’t go to sleep when the man was in low spirits.
D．Because the man didn’t have to be so sad and concerned.
2.According to the text, which of the following is the reason why a cat licks paws?
A．Licking paws can make a cat remain calm and have a clear mind.
B．Licking paws will make a cat happy and energetic.
C．Licking paws will make a cat find out many unknown secrets.
D．Licking paws can make a cat stay tidy and healthy.
3.What does the underlined word “string” in paragraph 3 stand for?
A．Life. B．Birth. C．Hope. D．Power.
4.What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Pets play an important part in our life.
B．Life has no end and death is just a new beginning.
C．We should take a positive attitude towards life and live life to its fullest.
D．It gives us some suggestions on how to relieve ourselves when a pet passes away.
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科目：高中英語 來源：陜西省2009-2010學年高二下學期第三次月考試題（英語） 題型：閱讀理解
Night after night，she came to tuck me in，even long after my childhood years．Following her longstanding custom，she'd lean down and push my long hair out of the way，then kiss my forehead．
I don't remember when it first started annoying me—her hands pushing my hair that way． But it did annoy me，for they felt work—worn and mush against my young skin．Finally，one night，I shouted out at her，"Don't do that anymore--your hands are too rough!" She didn't say anything in reply．But never again did my mother close out my day with that familiar expression of her love．
Time after time，with the passing years，my thoughts returned to that night．By then I missed my mother's hands，missed her goodnight kiss on my forehead．Sometimes the incident seemed very close，sometimes far away．But always it lurked，in the back of my mind．
Well，the years have passed，and I'm not a little girl anymore．Mom is in her mid—seven—ties．and those hands I once thought to be so rough are still doing things for me and my family．She's been our doctor，reaching into a medicine cabinet(醫藥箱)for the remedy(藥物)to calm a young girl's stomach or soothe(安慰)the boy's scraped knee．She cooks the best fried chicken in the world…gets stains out of blue cans, like I never could…
Now, my own children are grown and gone．Mom no longer has Dad，and on special occasions．I find myself drawn next door to spend the night with her．So it was late on Thanksgiving Eve, as I slept in the bedroom of my youth, a familiar hand hesitantly run across, my face to brush the hair from my forehead．Then a kiss，ever so gently，touched my brow(額頭)．
In my memory，for the thousandth，time，I recalled the night my young voice complained，"Don't do that anymore--your hands are too rough!" Catching Mom's hand in hand，I blurted (沖口說出)out how sorry I was for that night．I thought she'd remember ，as I did．But Mom didn't know what I Was talking about．She had forgotten--and forgiven—long ago．
That night, I fell asleep with a new appreciation for my gentle mother and her carrying hands. And the guilt that I had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found．
1．What would be the best title for the text ?
A．Mother's Hands B．Appreciation for Mother．
C．My Childhood Years． D．My Unselfish Mother．
2. The author began to get annoyed because—
A．her mother's hands were really old and tough
B．she thought she didn't need her mother's care
C．she didn't like her mother any more
D．her mother stayed in her room too long
3. What do we know about the author?
A. With time passing, she began to understand her mother．
B．She was an only child in the family．
C．She never forgave herself．
D．Her mother was a doctor．
4．By saying "Then a kiss，ever so gently，touched my brow．"，the author means
that________
A．children need Mother's kissing B．mothers kiss their children gently
C．mothers love their children forever D．children depend on their mothers
5．It can be inferred from the text that _____________
A．the author began to spend nights with her mother
B．her mother never kissed author again
C．her mother forgave her at last
D．the author felt guilty of what she did to her mother
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