The stereotype(固有觀念)of computer scientists as nerds who stay up all night coding and have no social life may be driving women away from the field, according to a new study published this month. This stereotype can be brought to mind based only on the appearance of the environment in a classroom or an office.
“When people think of computer science the image that immediately pops into many of their minds is about the computer geek(怪人)surrounded by such things as computer games, science fiction and junk food,”said Sapna Cheryan, a University of Washington assistant professor of psychology and the study’s lead author. “That stereotype doesn’t appeal to many women who don’t like the portrait of masculinity(男性化).”
Cheryan set up four experiments involving more than 250 female and male students who were not studying computer science to look at possible reasons why the proportion of women in the field is dropping while the proportion of women in such disciplines as biology, mathematics and chemistry is increasing.
In the first experiment,students entered a small classroom that either contained objects stereotypically associated with computer science such as Star Trek posters, video game boxes and Coke cans, or non-stereotypical items such as nature posters, art, a dictionary and coffee cups. The students were told to ignore these objects because the room was being shared with another class. After spending several moments in the classroom, the students filled out questionnaires(調查問卷)that asked about their attitude toward computer science.
Women exposed to the stereotypical setup expressed less interest in computer science than those who saw the non-stereotypical objects. Men placed in the same situations did not show a similar drop in interest in computer science. Cheryan said this study suggests that a student’s choice of classes or a major can be influenced by the appearance of classrooms, halls and offices.
1. The underlined word “nerds” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to “______”
A. dull persons B. active persons C. intelligent persons D. funny persons
2. Women are less likely to choose computer science because__________.
A. it is too difficult for them
B. they have wrong understanding of it
C. the lifestyle of computer scientists turns them away
D. they don’t like the social life of computer scientists
3. A woman would probably lose interest in computer science when she sees a ______.
A. Star Trek poster B. nature poster C. dictionary D. coffee cup
4. What can influence a woman’s choice of classes, according to the passage?
A. The contents of computer science.
B. The space in the classroom.
C. The number of students in the classroom.
D. The classroom environment.
科目：高中英語 來源：2010年黑龍江省佳木斯一中高二下學期期末考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
How clean are the nation’s homes?
According to a survey by CIF, there’s room for improvement all over Britain.
Love or hate it — cleaning your home is one job you simply can’t ignore（忽視）. But that’s not to say everyone spends the same amount of time or effort on making their places spotless. A new survey by CIF— experts on making tough cleaning jobs easier—— shows that when it comes to washing windows or cleaning the oven（烤箱）,where you live in the UK it may show how much effort you put into the task.
BATHROOM
25% of men have never cleaned the toilet — but those in Wales are the worst. Nearly four in 10 Welsh men said they never cleaned anywhere in the house. Hate cleaning the shower head? You’re not alone — a quarter of a million Brits say the same. 20% of Scots regard window-cleaning as their most hated job.
KITCHEN
36% of people in the south-east say cleaning the cooker is their hated task. 68% of those in the north-east spend more than six hours a week cleaning their homes — especially the kitchen — in sharp contrast to the 49% of Welsh and West Country folk, who put their hands up to cleaning for under an hour.
BEDROOM
18% believe cleaning starts here: that’s the percentage of women who clean wearing their dressing gowns. 51% of women in the north-west may be staying in bed and giving their husband a cuddle（擁抱）—as a thank-you for helping them clean. In other places, there are far fewer helpful men.
LIVING ROOM
32% of women in the north-east turn up the stereo to help make the dusting more fun. Almost six in 10 women agree, however, that cleaning is seriously energetic exercise.
SHIFT THE DIRT WITH CIF
It’s no secret that the right cleaning products will cut cleaning time and effort in half— and no one knows that better than How Clean Is Your house? Presenters Aggie Mackenzie and Kim Woodburn. For solutions（解決辦法）to all your cleaning needs, here are some of CIF’s top tips:
·Stop a lot of build-up on your shower head—give it a quick squirt（噴灑）with CIF bathroom spray once a week.
·Stainless steel（不銹鋼）tools seem to need endless cleaning. The CIF Wild Qrchid Qxy-Gel-it lifts dirt easily and leaves the kitchen smelling fresh and clean.
·Cooking outside? CIF cream will get your barbecue （烤架）spotlessly clean, ready for those long, lazy summer evenings. Perfect!
【小題1】The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
| A．tell us the results of a certain survey |
| B．advertise a certain product |
| C．advise men to do more cleaning housework |
| D．tell us which is the hardest job at home |
| A．have different views on house cleaning |
| B．spend different amounts of time and effort on house cleaning |
| C．like to do different kinds of housework |
| D．have different ways to do housework |
| A．the Welsh | B．people in the north-west |
| C．people in the south-east | D．people in the north-east |
| A．an organization doing research on housework |
| B．a group of experts who give advice on doing housework |
| C．a company providing advice and products on cleaning |
| D．a company providing cleaning services |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年陜西省西安市高陵縣第三中學高二第三次月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
（1）Secretary. Part time. 20 hours a week. Busy doctor’s office. Experience preferred. Good typing. Call 555-2438.
（2）BABY SITTER. 3 to 6 weekday afternoons. I will take you home. $5.00 an hour. Call 555-5593.
（3）Guitar lessons. Your home or mine. Experienced musician. Master’s degree in music. Call Louise 555-6131.
（4）TENTH STREET BLOCK PARTY. Sunday, July 15. Noon to 8. Food, games, prizes, live band, Tenth Street between Main and North,
（5）APARTMENT FOR RENT. 3 sunny rooms on high floor, great view. Separate kitchen. Wall-to-wall carpeting. The living room can be used as dining room. Email: SDGT@163.com.cn.
（6）TAXI DRIVER WANTED. Full or part time. Experience necessary. A good knowledge of the city is required. Call 555-8860 between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. weekday.
（7）A stereo system for sale, It has two speakers. The system has an AM/FM radio. It also has a tape deck and turntable. It is in good condition. The stereo was owned for only one year. The price is $200 including the speakers. The owner will also take the highest price offered if the asking price is not met. Call Bill after 6 p.m., at 555-9834.
【小題1】How many of the seven ads are placed by people who want to hire someone for certain job?
| A．4 | B．3 | C．2 | D．5 |
| A．Those who have some experience in office work will have a better chance to get the job of secretary. |
| B．The owner of the stereo will never sell his stereo at a price less than $200. |
| C．The taxi driver is not necessarily familiar with the city. |
| D．The tenth street block party will last until after 8. |
| A．a baby sitter is paid by the hour |
| B．the party will be held without any music |
| C．the rooms for rent cannot get good sunlight |
| D．people can get guitar lessons at any places they like |
| A．a local newspaper | B．a page on the internet |
| C．a government report | D．a special radio program |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆湖北省高二下學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空
It is three in the morning on a Tuesday, and I’m walking toward table eighteen, the one I call home. I pass the waiters, give a brief nod to the 1. and take my seat. I 2. the “usual,” water and peanut butter pie. Yes, I’m at an all-night diner.
I start to take out my books, 3. full well that I will be 4. on the same page of Socrates that I’ve been on for the better part of the semester. Of course, it’s 5. —for my group that is. I wait for the empty chairs around me to be 6. .
Just as the Muzak songs start to repeat themselves, Shana and Jenny walk in. I am 7. with the usual big hugs and smiles. 8. , the diner stops being a twenty-for-hour restaurant with bad service and becomes my place—my home 9. the prisonlike dorm room. For the next couple of hours, we will joke about people we know, talk about books, reflect on the meaning of life, quote movies and 10. new private jokes. Table number eighteen is our 11. home.
During my senior year of college, I started going to the diner for a temporary escape from a dorm room that felt like it was closing in on me. Not to 12. the phones, the stereo and the computer. How could anyone seriously 13. to have good study habits? Some friends of mine told me about the place; they went there to study, and they really liked it.
So I tried it. It felt remarkably freeing. I start going there every night (except weekends, of course), and, believe me it was not because the pies were 14. great either. Maybe it would force me to open my books and my 15. would improve. Right? Well….
But that’s not the 16. . I mean, anyone who has gone to college knows that it’s not only about forcing yourself to wake up at 7:45 A.M. (after you had gone to sleep two hours earlier) to listen to a professor spoon-feeding you information 17. the significance of the Battle of Hastings. It is 18. about finding a little haven where you can create what will be the most important thing in your life—yourself. At a school of thirty-five thousand people, I found a small place that was as 19. to me as my Social Security number.
Through laughter, tears, learning, growing and the 20. free ice cream, we found a sanctuary. A place where we could be ourselves.
21. A．friends B．strangers C．regulars D．waiters
22. A．make B．take C．bring D．order
23. A．remembering B．knowing C．deciding D．learning
24. A．stuck B．focused . C．fixed D．turned
25. A．certain B．early C．late D．clear
26. A．washed B．cleaned C．filled D．covered
27. A．armed B．satisfied C．occupied D．greeted
28. A．Finally B．Suddenly C．Actually D．Particularly
29. A．away from B．similar to C．apart from D．close to
30. A．create B．play C．write D．hear
31. A．inner B．outer C．warmer D．smaller
32. A．answer B．talk C．mention D．mend
33. A．choose B．determine C．pretend D．expect
34. A．pretty B．that C．too D．rather
35. A．health B．friendship C．conditions D．grades
36. A．place B．benefit C．point D．view
37. A．relate B．requiring C．reflecting D．regarding
38. A．also B．still C． more D．even
39. A．available B．beneficial C．familiar D．encouraging
40. A．special B．occasional C．unusual D．natural
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆陜西省西安市高二第三次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
（1）Secretary. Part time. 20 hours a week. Busy doctor’s office. Experience preferred. Good typing. Call 555-2438.
（2）BABY SITTER. 3 to 6 weekday afternoons. I will take you home. $5.00 an hour. Call 555-5593.
（3）Guitar lessons. Your home or mine. Experienced musician. Master’s degree in music. Call Louise 555-6131.
（4）TENTH STREET BLOCK PARTY. Sunday, July 15. Noon to 8. Food, games, prizes, live band, Tenth Street between Main and North,
（5）APARTMENT FOR RENT. 3 sunny rooms on high floor, great view. Separate kitchen. Wall-to-wall carpeting. The living room can be used as dining room. Email: SDGT@163.com.cn.
（6）TAXI DRIVER WANTED. Full or part time. Experience necessary. A good knowledge of the city is required. Call 555-8860 between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. weekday.
（7）A stereo system for sale, It has two speakers. The system has an AM/FM radio. It also has a tape deck and turntable. It is in good condition. The stereo was owned for only one year. The price is $200 including the speakers. The owner will also take the highest price offered if the asking price is not met. Call Bill after 6 p.m., at 555-9834.
1.How many of the seven ads are placed by people who want to hire someone for certain job?
A．4 B．3 C．2 D．5
2.Which of the following is true according to the ads above?
A．Those who have some experience in office work will have a better chance to get the job of secretary.
B．The owner of the stereo will never sell his stereo at a price less than $200.
C．The taxi driver is not necessarily familiar with the city.
D．The tenth street block party will last until after 8.
3.We may learn from the ads above that _____.
A．a baby sitter is paid by the hour
B．the party will be held without any music
C．the rooms for rent cannot get good sunlight
D．people can get guitar lessons at any places they like
4.These ads may probably appear in the following media except______
A．a local newspaper B．a page on the internet
C．a government report D．a special radio program
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年黑龍江省高二下學期期末考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
How clean are the nation’s homes?
According to a survey by CIF, there’s room for improvement all over Britain.
Love or hate it — cleaning your home is one job you simply can’t ignore（忽視）. But that’s not to say everyone spends the same amount of time or effort on making their places spotless. A new survey by CIF— experts on making tough cleaning jobs easier—— shows that when it comes to washing windows or cleaning the oven（烤箱）,where you live in the UK it may show how much effort you put into the task.
BATHROOM
25% of men have never cleaned the toilet — but those in Wales are the worst. Nearly four in 10 Welsh men said they never cleaned anywhere in the house. Hate cleaning the shower head? You’re not alone — a quarter of a million Brits say the same. 20% of Scots regard window-cleaning as their most hated job.
KITCHEN
36% of people in the south-east say cleaning the cooker is their hated task. 68% of those in the north-east spend more than six hours a week cleaning their homes — especially the kitchen — in sharp contrast to the 49% of Welsh and West Country folk, who put their hands up to cleaning for under an hour.
BEDROOM
18% believe cleaning starts here: that’s the percentage of women who clean wearing their dressing gowns. 51% of women in the north-west may be staying in bed and giving their husband a cuddle（擁抱）—as a thank-you for helping them clean. In other places, there are far fewer helpful men.
LIVING ROOM
32% of women in the north-east turn up the stereo to help make the dusting more fun. Almost six in 10 women agree, however, that cleaning is seriously energetic exercise.
SHIFT THE DIRT WITH CIF
It’s no secret that the right cleaning products will cut cleaning time and effort in half— and no one knows that better than How Clean Is Your house? Presenters Aggie Mackenzie and Kim Woodburn. For solutions（解決辦法）to all your cleaning needs, here are some of CIF’s top tips:
·Stop a lot of build-up on your shower head—give it a quick squirt（噴灑）with CIF bathroom spray once a week.
·Stainless steel（不銹鋼）tools seem to need endless cleaning. The CIF Wild Qrchid Qxy-Gel-it lifts dirt easily and leaves the kitchen smelling fresh and clean.
·Cooking outside? CIF cream will get your barbecue （烤架）spotlessly clean, ready for those long, lazy summer evenings. Perfect!
1.The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
|
A．tell us the results of a certain survey |
|
B．advertise a certain product |
|
C．advise men to do more cleaning housework |
|
D．tell us which is the hardest job at home |
2.It can be concluded from the survey that people in different parts of Britain______.
|
A．have different views on house cleaning |
|
B．spend different amounts of time and effort on house cleaning |
|
C．like to do different kinds of housework |
|
D．have different ways to do housework |
3.According to the survey,______ spend the most time cleaning their homes.
|
A．the Welsh |
B．people in the north-west |
|
C．people in the south-east |
D．people in the north-east |
4.CIF in the passage probably refers to ______.
|
A．an organization doing research on housework |
|
B．a group of experts who give advice on doing housework |
|
C．a company providing advice and products on cleaning |
|
D．a company providing cleaning services |
查看答案和解析>>
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