Question

Everyone agrees that it’s necessary to reduce carbon emissions （排放物） around the world. There is less agreement over exactly how nations should go about achieving a more carbon - free planet. Thus, the environmental equivalent: cap – and – trade carbon emissions, or place a carbon tax on all users?

With cap – and – trade programs, governments limit the level of carbon produced by an industry. Companies that hold their emissions below the cap can sell their remaining allowance on a carbon market, while companies that go beyond their limit must purchase credits on that market. Carbon taxes are more straightforward: a set tax rate is placed on the consumption of carbon with the idea that raising the price will encourage industries and individuals to consume less. At the moment, cap – and – trade has the upper hand, but doesn’t defeat the tax just yet.

Supporters of the tax argue that a cap – and – trade system would be too difficult to administer – and too easily gamed by industries looking to sidestep emissions caps. Cap – and – trade advocates contradict that like all other flat taxes, a carbon collection would relatively burden lower – income families, who spend a greater percentage of their income on energy than rich households.

So which system will have a larger effect on carbon consumption? A 10% carbon tax might reduce the demand for carbon about 5 % or less, according to an analysis by the Carbon Tax Center, an environmental advocacy group. That may not be enough. Businesses and governments haven’t figured out how the two competing systems can work together, but in the end, the world may need both.

1. The passage focuses on_________.

      A. programs of collecting taxes

   B. systems of reducing carbon emissions

      C. reasons for reducing carbon emissions

   D. contradictions between the two systems

2. According to the cap – and – trade program, companies_________ .

       A. are forbidden to produce carbon emissions

       B. are allocated the same amount of carbon consumption

       C. can sell their remaining allowance within their limits

       D. can sell the extra amount of carbon at a higher price

3. Carbon taxes work by _________.

       A. burdening well – off families

       B. encouraging industries to consume carbon

       C. raising the price for carbon consumption

       D. limiting the carbon consumption of industries only

4. The underlined word “cap” in the second paragraph most likely refers to_________.

       A. limit                  B. credit                C. level                  D. rate

5. We can learn from the passage_________ .

       A. carbon taxes are difficult to carry out

       B. cap – and – trade plays a greater role at present

       C. cap – and – trade will be preferable in the future

       D. carbon taxes will be preferable in the future

Answer 1

1--5    BCCAB  

解析:

全球變暖成為一個(gè)熱得不能再熱的話題，可是，一個(gè)人的力量可能讓全球變暖的速度慢下來嗎？換句話說，我們每個(gè)人可以為防止全球變暖做些什么嗎？答案是肯定的，你和科學(xué)家、工商企業(yè)界以及政府聯(lián)手，可以開辟出一條減少溫室氣體排放之路。

1.  B  本文首句就給出了答案。

2.  C  根據(jù)文章第二段第二句得出答案。

3.  C  根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句得出答案。

4.  A  根據(jù)二、三段所講內(nèi)容可判斷出答案。

5.  B  根據(jù)最后一段可得出答案。