Gray hair is simply a part of the normal aging process, and the rate you go silver is genetically predetermined. Going gray is not associated with earlier death, and premature graying is not, generally speaking, a sign of an illness or ill health in younger adults. There are, however, some specific health conditions associated with gray or white hair, but for most of us, going gray is just a fact of life.
Hair color comes from the pigment melanin(黑色素), which determines your individual shade. Hair without any melanin is pure white. The pigment is produced in cells called melanocytes, which inject pigment into the hair. At some point in everyone's lifetime, these cells slow down and eventually stop producing color. Scientists have yet to identify the exact mechanism by which melanocyte cell death occurs.
A study of more than 4,000 women and men from 20 countries determined that about 75% of people between the ages of 45 and 65 have some gray hair. In general, people of European descent gray earliest followed by Asians and Africans. It's interesting to note that a lucky 1 in 10 has no gray hair by retirement age. Beginning at age 30, your chances of having gray hair go up 10-20% per decade.
It may feel like you have more grays after a stressful event, but that's probably because middle age is basically a series of anxiety-ridden events. Between working, raising kids, and caring for older parents, the "sandwich" years of 45-65 can be stressful, especially for women. They are also when we naturally start to look older.
At this point, there is still no silver bullet to keep away the grays.
1.What would be the best title for this passage?
A. Going gray. B. Tips to make hair color last
C. Why does hair turn gray? D. Gray hair is in fashion.
2.Which of the following is a true statement according to the passage?
A. Scientists have found out how to prevent hair from turning gray.
B. Europeans are more likely to gray than Asians and Africans.
C. Gray hair means poor health or a sign of illness.
D. Everyone will inevitably get gray hair by retirement age.
3.Which is not among the reasons for hair turning gray according to the passage?
A. Being physically weak. B. Stress from different sides.
C. Death of melanocyte cell. D. Genetic factors.
4.What does “silver bullet” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Make-up B. Scientific research. C. Chemical weapon. D. Cure.
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.D
【解析】
試題分析：本文介紹了為什么人的頭發會變白。這是自然老化的過程、與基因有關，還和黑色素的分泌的多少有關，黑色素越少，頭發越白。通過研究20多個國家的4000多男性和女性可知，有年齡原因也有地域原因。生活壓力大也是原因之一。
1.主題歸納題。根據全文尤其是文章的第一句話判斷，文章是在講頭發變白的應用。所以選C。
2.推理判斷題。根據第三段的In general, people of European descent gray earliest followed by Asians and Africans.可知：歐洲人早于亞洲人和非洲人頭發變花白。B
3.細節理解題。根據第一段的內容可知，銀發是一個正常老化的過程，頭發變白由基因已經決定了的。與早亡無關，少白頭也不是生病或者身體不舒服的標志。所以選A（身體虛弱）。
4.詞義推測題。根據最后一段的意思可知：人在45-65之間壓力很大，尤其是婦女，還有自然的老化問題。所以選D（治愈）。其他選項的意思是：Make-up化妝；Scientific research.科學研究；Chemical weapon.化學武器。
考點：科普類閱讀。
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寫作內容：
假如你是李華，在美國留學。你母親今天下午要從國內來看你，但你湊巧要去做個講座，故給你的朋友Peter留下字條請他下午三點半去機場接你母親。因Peter未見過你母親，請根據下表在字條中描述你母親的特征以便他辨認。
|
age |
around sixty |
|
appearance |
fat, short, gray hair, a long face |
|
clothes |
a white blouse, brown trousers |
|
luggage |
a yellow suitcase |
寫作要求：
1．必須使用5個句子介紹全部所給內容；
2．詞數：100詞左右。開頭和結尾已經給出，不計入總詞數。
評分標準：
句子結構的準確性和復雜度；信息內容的完整性和連貫性。
Sunday
Peter,
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Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer． But there is one question that has millions of correct answers． That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct．
Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents． Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used． Some parents choose the name of a well-known person． A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones．
Some people give their children names that mean good things． Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”．
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names． A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook （小溪）; someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road． The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest．
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations． The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals． In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village． Some other occupational names are: Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans．
The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village． The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture．
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities． When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with gray hair probably became John Gray． Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman． John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer．
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name． English-speaking people added –s or –son． The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert． Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O． Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell．
1.Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?
|
A．Places where people lived． |
B．People’s characters． |
|
C．Talents that people possessed． |
D．People’s occupations． |
2.According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______．
|
A．owned or drove a cart |
B．made things with metals |
|
C．made kitchen tools or containers． |
D．built houses and furniture． |
3.Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________．
|
A．Beatrice Smith |
B．Leonard Carter |
|
C．George Longstreet |
D．Donald Greenwood |
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