Question

It is common to consider learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.

Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.

Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.

Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.

The author thinks “Learning”in the passage most refers to_________.

   A. life-long learning          B. family learning  

C. learning after graduation    D. behavior learning

The underlined siblings in the second paragraph probably means______.

   A. teachers    B. classmates   C. doctors      D. brothers or sisters

Which period of children’ life does they begin to how to behave well according to the passage?

   A.After they go int society

   B.Before they enter school

   C.When they are at school

   D.Before they are born

Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

A. As a matter of fact, learning begins with formal school education

   B. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.

   C. People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.

   D. Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well.

The author tries to tell us ______in the last paragraph

   A. learning is closely related to memory and experience

   B. psychologists are interested in the wat the brain stores knowledge

   C. psychologists are more interested in a person’s behavior

   D. the relationship between learning, brain and behavior

Answer 1

【小題1】A

【小題2】D

【小題3】C

【小題4】A

【小題5】D

解析:

【小題1】判斷作者思想觀點題。文章第一段，“人們通常認為學習是發生在學校里的事，但人們所學的很多東西是教室外的東西，甚至從出生就已經開始，并且學習貫穿的人的一生。”可見，作者認為學習是一生的學習，終身的學習。故答案為A。

【小題2】詞義猜測題。分析siblings前后的詞語parents, grandparents, friends, 可以推出siblings的意思不可能是doctors, 再由下文 “When they enter school, ….”,可以推出此時他們還不是學生, siblings的意思也不可能是teachers, classmates, 故可以排除A、B、C三項。Siblings的意思為 “兄弟姐妹”。

【小題3】句意理解題。文章第三段中 “When they enter school,…They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished.”可知，孩子們學習什么樣的行為可能得到獎勵，什么樣的行為可能受到懲罰, 也就是孩子們在這個階段應該學會怎樣舉止得當。故答案為C。

【小題4】正誤判斷題。由文章第二段首句 “Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects.”可知，學習是從兒童時期開始的，A項表述錯誤， 符合題意，為正確答案。B、C、D三項分別從文章第三段的二、三、四句找到明確的表述。

【小題5】段落大意題。文章最后一段，“研究記憶的心理學家們對于大腦如何儲存知識，這種儲存發生在什么時候，以及當我們需要這些知識時大腦如何想起來等等問題很感興趣。比較而言，研究學習的心理學家們則對于行為以及由于人們的經歷怎樣改變了行為等問題更感興趣。”可見，本段主要講述了兩類心理學家以及他們所感興趣的問題。涉及到了學習、大腦和行為的關系。