Cold weather has a great effect on how our minds and our bodies work. Maybe that is why there are so many expressions that use the word “cold”. For centuries, the body’s blood has been linked closely with the emotions. People who show no human emotions or feelings, for example, are said to be cold-blooded. Cold-blooded people act in merciless ways. They may do brutal things to others, and not by accident. For example, a newspaper says the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer. The killer murdered someone, not in self-defense. He seemed to kill for no reason, and with no emotion, as if taking someone’s life meant nothing.
Cold can affect other parts of the body, the feet, for example. Heavy socks can you’re your feet, if your feet are really cold. But there is an expression—to get cold feet—that has nothing to do with cold or your feet.
The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do. For example, you agree to be president of an organization. But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned. All the work of the organization will be your responsibility. You are likely to get cold feet about being the president when you understand the situation.
Cold can also affect your shoulder. You give someone the cold shoulder when you refuse to speak to them. You treat them in a distant and cold way. The expression probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face-to-face. You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you, or to someone who has lied about you to others.
A cold fish is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth. A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone.
Out in the cold is an expression often heard. It means not getting something that everybody else got. A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise, and that he was left out in the cold. And it is not a pleasant place to be.
【小題1】The passage is intended to tell us that ______ .
| A．cold weather has a great effect on human bodies |
| B．many English expressions contain the word “cold” |
| C．cold is a word closely linked with human emotions |
| D．the word “cold” has many different meanings in English |
| A．impolite | B．illegal | C．cruel | D．extreme |
| A．Cold-blooded. | B．To get cold feet. | C．A cold shoulder. | D．A cold fish. |
| A．is given the cold shoulder |
| B．is left out in the cold |
| C．has got cold feet |
| D．is murdered by a cold-blooded killer |
| A．all the expressions containing the word “cold” have a negative meaning |
| B．all the expressions containing the word “cold” have something to do with cold |
| C．people who show no human emotions or feelings have cold blood |
| D．many parts of the human body can be badly affected by cold |
【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】B
【小題5】A
解析試題分析：本文選自VOA Special English，介紹了英語中一些含有cold這個單詞的習慣用語。
【小題1】主旨大意題。本題考查考生對文章主旨大意地把握，文章重點解釋了很多含有cold的習語，故選B。A、C選項都很片面。
【小題2】猜測詞義題。根據前文Cold-blooded people act in merciless ways可知brutal意為“殘忍的，野蠻的”。選C。
【小題3】詞義理解題。仔細閱讀文章中與所給四個詞組相關的地方，特別是文章倒數第二段的A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone，即可選出正確答案D。
【小題4】本題同樣是考查考生對文中所介紹的含有cold的幾個短語的理解，從文章最后一段可知。be left out in the cold：被冷落；被排斥。選B。
【小題5】歸納判斷題。文中所介紹的含有cold的幾個短語均為負面或貶義詞。B項不對，因為并非所有含cold短語都與cold（寒冷）有關，從第一段的最后一句可知選A。
考點：考查文化類短文
點評：這篇文章因為涉及到詞義理解，所以推理猜測題較多，注重考查學生的能力方面，也可以通過閱讀增加這方面的詞匯量。
新思維寒假作業系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives.
The most widespread fallacy(謬誤) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(戰壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz Concentration Camp(奧斯維辛集中營), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors. . .
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
Arctic explorers may catch colds when .
A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world
Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit .
A. suffered a lot B. never caught colds C. often caught colds D. became very strong
The passage mainly discusses .
A. the experiments on the common cold B. the fallacy about the common cold
C. the reason and the way people catch colds D. the continued spread of common colds
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded. When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration（遷移）is probably the migration of the fish, which is called “salmon”. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mice. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobsters（龍蝦）. Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.
Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to __________ .
A. give birth B. enjoy warmer weather
C. find food more easily D. find beautiful places
The fish called “salmon” spends a long life in __________ .
A. salt water B. rivers C. fresh water D. its birthplace
The mice in northern Europe move when __________ .
A. they give birth B. the weather is bad
C. the place gets too crowded D. they haven’t enough food
The lobsters move __________ .
A. to the fresh water B. to the sea floor
C. at a certain time D. to find more food
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Animals move in order to find food more easily.
B. The migration of the fish called “salmon” is the most famous migration.
C. Living things move from one place to another because they like to travel.
D. Sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another, but sometimes we don’t.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年福建省東山縣第二中學高一第一次月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Of all the things we eat and drink, water is the most important. Not all people realize this, but it is quite true. The human body can live without food for a long time, but two or three days without water usually result in death.
Many people do not understand how much water the human body needs, but many people do not drink enough, especially in the hot weather. Most people drink when they are thirsty but often need more water after exercises.
65 to 70 percent of the human body is water. Water is important in several different ways. Most people need five to seven liters（升） of water every day, but we needn’t drink this amount(量) because a lot comes from the food we have. If we don’t have enough water, however, we will feel tired and many become ill. Do you know what the best drink is? Yes, you are right. Cool water!
【小題1】When do we need more water?________
| A．In cold weather or after exercises. |
| B．In hot weather or after exercises. |
| C．Before breakfast, lunch and supper. |
| D．When we feel tired or become ill. |
| A．About three fourths of the human body is water. |
| B．Nearly a half of the human body is water. |
| C．Less than a half of the human body is water. |
| D．Almost one fourth of the human body is water. |
| A．Yes, because water is the most important |
| B．No, because what we eat contains（包含）water |
| C．Yes, because we can’t live without water |
| D．No, because we are not thirsty |
| A．Cool water is the best drink. |
| B．Few people understand how much water the human body needs. |
| C．All the people don’t realize water is the most important. |
| D．When we feel tired or become ill, we never need any water. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆云南昆明一中開學考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：其他題
根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項.
1.Such as runny noses, sore throats, nothing quite like the common cold to make you feel miserable. But experts believe that there is no link between cold weather and catching colds. 2.
Internal Medicine expert, Dr Meenakshi Jain of Max Hospital says, “One reason could be that people are likely to stay indoors, so the virus can spread easily. 3. ”
The common cold is a viral infection that can be caused by any of up to 250 strains of virus, the most common group of which are the rhinovirus(鼻病毒) that hit the nose.
4.“They are transmitted through the nose respiratory(呼吸的) passages, by touch, and by contact with airborne particles that are created by sneezing or coughing,” says Dr Jain.
There is no cure for the common cold and antibiotics(抗生素) are of no help. However, there are some precautions which can help:
5.In this case, you can protect your hands from getting germs.
Don’t touch your eyes, nose and mouth, which can limit your chances of infection.
Don’t share drinking glasses or utensils with anyone as this will prevent the spread of the virus.
Make sure to eat enough fruits to boost your immune system.
A.Also the virus thrives (興盛，繁榮) in wetness in the atmosphere.
B.Drink lots of fluids to avoid dehydration.
C.They are responsible for anywhere between a third and half of all common colds.
D.Get enough sleep and you’ll certainly feel better.
E.So why are we particularly vulnerable (脆弱的) this season？
F.Wash your hands regularly.
G.It’s winter and you have probably noticed germs are everywhere.
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Of all the things we eat and drink, water is the most important. Not all people realize this, but it is quite true. The human body can live without food for a long time, but two or three days without water usually result in death.
Many people do not understand how much water the human body needs, but many people do not drink enough, especially in the hot weather. Most people drink when they are thirsty but often need more water after exercises.
65 to 70 percent of the human body is water. Water is important in several different ways. Most people need five to seven liters（升） of water every day, but we needn’t drink this amount(量) because a lot comes from the food we have. If we don’t have enough water, however, we will feel tired and many become ill. Do you know what the best drink is? Yes, you are right. Cool water!
1.When do we need more water?________
|
A．In cold weather or after exercises. |
|
B．In hot weather or after exercises. |
|
C．Before breakfast, lunch and supper. |
|
D．When we feel tired or become ill. |
2.How much water are there in the human body?_________
|
A．About three fourths of the human body is water. |
|
B．Nearly a half of the human body is water. |
|
C．Less than a half of the human body is water. |
|
D．Almost one fourth of the human body is water. |
3.Must most people drink five liters（升）of water every day?_______
|
A．Yes, because water is the most important |
|
B．No, because what we eat contains（包含）water |
|
C．Yes, because we can’t live without water |
|
D．No, because we are not thirsty |
4.Which of the following is not right?_________
|
A．Cool water is the best drink. |
|
B．Few people understand how much water the human body needs. |
|
C．All the people don’t realize water is the most important. |
|
D．When we feel tired or become ill, we never need any water. |
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