Question

Saying no starts small
“All right then — just one more piece...” Words every girl has said when they are faced with the delicious cheesecake. Of course, many of us know we may eat the whole thing in the end.
It isn’t just girls. Most of us find it hard to say “no” to something attractive. However, scientists now say that willpower is very important to success and a happy life.
Scientists in different countries have been studying the effects of willpower on people’s lives for a long time. The results are similar, according to an article on February 7 in the Guardian, a famous British newspaper.
In one experiment, scientists told young children that they could either have a marshmallow (圓形軟糖) now, or two marshmallows in 15 minutes. Waiting obviously needed more willpower. Scientists then continued studying the children as they grew up. They wanted to see if some children always had stronger willpower. They also wanted to see how having stronger willpower affected their lives.
Years later, scientists found that the children who had waited for two marshmallows were all healthier, happier and richer adults. Oppositely, the children who had shown weaker willpower at that young age were more likely to be in low-paid jobs, to be overweight, to have social problems.
But there is hope, Roy F Baumeister, an American social psychology(心理學) professor (教授) told the Guardian. Baumeister says we can train our willpower just like we train our muscles（肌肉）. Even a little practice can strengthen（加強） our overall self-control if we do it regularly.
You could start by making yourself stand up straight, speaking in complete sentences, or using a computer mouse with the other hand. Scientists have found that people who manage to change little habits often perform much better in laboratory willpower tests.
Like muscles, willpower can “get tired”. Don’t try to do too many things at the same time, or when you don’t have enough energy, for example when you are ill. If you already feel tired, you can try to recharge(恢復) your willpower with a good night’s sleep and by eating well.
小題1:The example of a girl eating cheesecake is used to

A．prove that girls have weak willpower

B．introduce the topic of willpower to the readers

C．show that cheesecake is especially attractive to girls

D．show the connection between willpower and success

小題2:What can we infer from the experiment?

A．The scientists had already known the results before the experiment.

B．It showed that willpower is the most important to success and a happy life.

C．The children who chose to wait were more likely to be successful in their lives.

D．The children who chose only one marshmallow at first had stronger willpower.

小題3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the training of willpower?

A．You should have a goal every day.

B．Good rest and proper diet can help.

C．Willpower needs to be exercised regularly.

D．Keep willpower from being used too much.

小題4:What is the article mainly about?

A．How willpower and muscles are similar and how they can be trained.

B．How willpower affects people’s lives and how it is similar to muscles.

C．How willpower is important to success and how we can make it stronger.

D．How willpower is connected with success and how they affect each other

Answer 1

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:C

試題分析：短文大意：我們大多數人難于說“不”的東西，是有吸引力的。然而，科學家們現在認為，毅力對成功和幸福的生活非常重要。在不同國家的科學家一直在研究人們的生命意志力的影響。鮑邁斯特說我們可以訓練我們的意志力就像我們訓練我們的肌肉。如果我們經常這樣做，即使是一個小小的練習可以加強我們的整體自我控制。
小題1:細節理解題。根據第二段It isn’t just girls. Most of us find it hard to say “no” to something attractive. However, scientists now say that willpower is very important to success and a happy life.
可知該選B。
小題2:細節理解題。根據第五段開頭Years later, scientists found that the children who had waited for two marshmallows were all healthier, happier and richer adults.可知該選C。
小題3:細節理解題。根據短文后兩段可知該選A。
小題4:主旨大意題。根據第二段末scientists now say that willpower is very important to success and a happy life.和第六段中Baumeister says we can train our willpower just like we train our muscles（肌肉）.可知該選C。